Stephen Hawking

Research & Sources

Research & Sources

The scholarly foundations of Stephen Hawking's work and of this site: his key scientific papers explained, his academic lineage, and the sources and editorial method behind these pages.

This section is for readers who want to go beyond the explainers to the primary record: Hawking's actual scientific work, the academic family he belonged to, and the way this site is researched and sourced.

Explore his key scientific papers explained in plain English, his doctoral students and academic lineage, and our sources and editorial method. Together these set out both the foundations of Hawking's science and the standards behind this resource.

See also further reading and external resources.

Explore the full bibliography, an annotated walkthrough of his 1974 paper, and how his ideas connect.